Source Remediation vs. Plume Management: Critical Factors Affecting Cost-efficiency
نویسندگان
چکیده
This summary paper reviews just some of the extensive scientific literature from the past 20 years on the various aspects of contaminant source remediation and plume management. Some of the major findings of the numerous research projects are presented. The first section outlines the controlling mass transfer mechanisms which need to be considered for any in situ source remediation technology. It then outlines the innovative technologies, such as the application of surfactants, use of co-solvents, thermal technologies or bio-enhancement, which try to overcome some of the physico-chemical difficulties for in situ source remediation. In the second part of the paper, various plume management approaches are discussed as an alternative to in situ source remediation. Due to the longevity of the contaminant emission, the long-term cost-effectiveness of the various plume management approaches becomes the key issue. Therefore, a combination of physico-chemical and economical modelling is needed to provide a quantitative basis for decision-making. An example of a combined modelling approach for a reactive barrier is given. Finally, the various factors in the determination of whether source remediation or plume management is likely to be a preferable, i.e. more cost-effective, option, are summarised.
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